Kodi mawaya 8 mu chingwe cha Ethernet amachita chiyani?

VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) ndiukadaulo wolumikizirana womwe umagawanitsa LAN yakuthupi m'magawo angapo owulutsa. VLAN iliyonse ndi malo owulutsa kumene makamu amatha kulumikizana mwachindunji, pomwe kulumikizana pakati pa ma VLAN osiyanasiyana ndikoletsedwa. Zotsatira zake, mauthenga owulutsa amakhala ndi VLAN imodzi yokha.

Zamkatimu

· Chifukwa chiyani ma VLAN amafunikira
·VLAN vs. Subnet
·VLAN Tag ndi VLAN ID
·Mitundu ya VLAN Interfaces ndi VLAN Tag Handling Mechanisms
·Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma VLAN
·Nkhani zokhala ndi ma VLAN mu Cloud Environments

Chifukwa chiyani ma VLAN amafunikira

Maukonde oyambilira a Ethernet anali matekinoloje ochezera pa data ozikidwa pa CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection) omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zolumikizirana zogawana. Pamene chiwerengero cha olandira alendo chinawonjezeka, zinayambitsa kugunda kwakukulu, mphepo yamkuntho, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa machitidwe, komanso ngakhale kuzimitsa kwa intaneti. Ngakhale kulumikiza ma LAN pogwiritsa ntchito zida za Layer 2 kumatha kuthana ndi vuto la kugundana, sikulephera kupatula mauthenga owulutsa ndikuwongolera maukonde. Izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale ukadaulo wa VLAN, womwe umagawa LAN kukhala ma VLAN angapo omveka; VLAN iliyonse imayimira dera lowulutsa, lothandizira kulumikizana mkati mwa VLAN ngati kuti ndi LAN ndikuletsa kulumikizana kwapakati pa VLAN ndikutsekereza mauthenga owulutsa mkati mwa VLAN.

Chithunzi 1: Udindo wa ma VLAN

Chifukwa chake, ma VLAN ali ndi zabwino izi:

Kuchepetsa Magawo Owulutsa: Madera owulutsa amakhala mkati mwa VLAN, kusunga bandwidth ndikukulitsa luso la ma network.
· Kupititsa patsogolo Chitetezo cha LAN: Mauthenga ochokera ku VLAN zosiyanasiyana amasiyanitsidwa panthawi yotumizira, kutanthauza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito mkati mwa VLAN imodzi sangathe kulankhulana mwachindunji ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mu VLAN ina.
· Kuwonjezeka kwa Network Robustness: Zolakwika zimangokhala pa VLAN imodzi, kotero nkhani za VLAN imodzi sizikhudza momwe ma VLAN ena amagwirira ntchito.
· Flexible Virtual Workgroup Construction: Ma VLAN amatha kugawa ogwiritsa ntchito m'magulu osiyanasiyana, kulola mamembala a gulu lomwelo kuti azigwira ntchito popanda kukhala ndi malo enaake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kumanga ndi kukonza maukonde kukhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta.

VLAN vs. Subnet

Mwa kugawanso gawo la netiweki la ma adilesi a IP kukhala ma subnet angapo, kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa malo adilesi ya IP komanso kusasunthika kwa ma adilesi awiri a IP kumatha kuthetsedwa. Mofanana ndi ma VLAN, ma subnets amathanso kulekanitsa kulumikizana pakati pa olandira. Magulu a ma VLAN osiyanasiyana sangathe kuyankhulana mwachindunji, monga momwe amachitira mumagulu osiyanasiyana sangathe. Komabe, palibe makalata achindunji pakati pa awiriwa.

Zithunzi za VLAN	Subnet
Kusiyana	Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa maukonde a Layer 2.
	Pambuyo pokonza mawonekedwe a VLAN, ogwiritsa ntchito ma VLAN osiyanasiyana amatha kulumikizana pokhapokha ngati njira yakhazikitsidwa.
	Mpaka 4094 VLANs akhoza kufotokozedwa; chiwerengero cha zipangizo mkati VLAN si malire.
Ubale	Mu VLAN yomweyi, ma subnets amodzi kapena angapo amatha kufotokozedwa.

VLAN Tag ndi VLAN ID

Kuti ma switch azitha kusiyanitsa mauthenga ochokera ku VLAN zosiyanasiyana, gawo lozindikiritsa zambiri za VLAN liyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku mauthengawo. Protocol ya IEEE 802.1Q imanena kuti tag ya 4-byte VLAN (yotchedwa VLAN Tag) ionjezedwa ku mafelemu a data a Ethernet kuti azindikire zambiri za VLAN.

Munda wa VID mumtundu wa data umazindikiritsa VLAN yomwe chimango cha data chili; chimango cha deta chikhoza kufalitsidwa mkati mwa VLAN yake yosankhidwa. Munda wa VID umayimira ID ya VLAN, yomwe imatha kuchoka ku 0 mpaka 4095. Popeza 0 ndi 4095 zimasungidwa ndi protocol, chiwerengero chovomerezeka cha ma ID a VLAN ndi 1 mpaka 4094. Mafelemu onse a data omwe amasinthidwa mkati mwa kusintha amanyamula ma tag a VLAN, pamene zida zina (monga makamu ogwiritsira ntchito ndi maseva) zolumikizidwa ndi switch zimangotumiza ndikulandila mafelemu achikale a Efaneti opanda ma tag a VLAN.

Chifukwa chake, kuti mulumikizane ndi zida izi, masinthidwe osinthira amayenera kuzindikira mafelemu amtundu wa Efaneti ndikuwonjezera kapena kuvula ma tag a VLAN pakutumiza. Chizindikiro cha VLAN chomwe chawonjezeredwa chikufanana ndi mawonekedwe a VLAN (Port Default VLAN ID, PVID).

Mitundu ya VLAN Interfaces ndi VLAN Tag Handling Mechanisms

Pamanetiweki apano, ogwiritsa ntchito a VLAN yomweyi amatha kulumikizidwa ku masiwichi osiyanasiyana, ndipo patha kukhala ma VLAN angapo odutsa masiwichi. Ngati kulumikizana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kuli kofunikira, zolumikizirana pakati pa masiwichi ziyenera kuzindikira ndi kutumiza mafelemu a data kuchokera ku ma VLAN angapo nthawi imodzi. Kutengera ndi zinthu zolumikizidwa komanso momwe mafelemu amasinthidwa, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma VLAN kuti agwirizane ndi maulumikizidwe osiyanasiyana ndi maukonde.

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Zamkatimu

Chifukwa chiyani ma VLAN amafunikira

Chithunzi 1: Udindo wa ma VLAN

VLAN vs. Subnet

VLAN Tag ndi VLAN ID

Mitundu ya VLAN Interfaces ndi VLAN Tag Handling Mechanisms

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